Possibilities for Detection of Adulteration of Lemon Juices and Lemon-Based Beverages
نویسندگان
چکیده
Lemon juice and other lemon-based beverages are subject to economically motivated fraud, primarily including a reduced fruit content closely related excessive dilution with water, undeclared addition of sugars or synthetic citric acid, substitution lemons cheaper fruit. Eight tested samples 100% juices showed good agreement between the measured concentrations reference values for following markers: formol number (range from 16.9 26.5 mL 0.1M NaOH 100 mL–1), ash (2.5 3.9 g L–1), phosphorus (84 145 mg potassium (931 1720 magnesium (81 114 malic acid (1.8 6.0 ᴅ‑isocitric (277 560 L–1). The markers were suggested as an evidence adulteration, processing method, recipe alteration after subsequent analysis beverage concentrates: 1) Citric is substance whose can be increased by adding acid. 2) Calcium was impacted clarification reconstitution in some concentrate tested. 3) Increased glucose fructose confirmed exogenous sugar addition. 4) Ascorbic levels below 150 L–1 indicated severe long-term storage. flavonoid profile, characterized mainly ratio eriocitrin hesperidin (average value 0.7), serves indicator another citrus species. However, finding Interdonato variety suggests that this quite variable not entirely specific because lime exhibits similar value.
 
 Citronová šťáva další nápoje na bázi citronů podléhají ekonomicky motivovaným podvodům, mezi které primárně patří snížený obsah ovoce úzce spojený s nadměrným naředěním vodou, nedeklarovaným přídavkem cukrů nebo syntetické citronové kyseliny záměnou levnějším druhem ovoce. U 8 testovaných vzorků šťáv byla potvrzena dobrá shoda naměřených koncentrací referenčními hodnotami u těchto znaků: formolové číslo (rozsah 16,9 až 26,5 ml 0,1M ml–1), popel (2,5 3,9 l–1), fosfor draslík hořčík jablečná kyselina (1,8 6,0 l–1) ᴅ-isocitronová l–1). Po následném proměření nápojových koncentrátů byly jako indikátory falšování, způsobu zpracování úpravy receptury doporučeny tyto markery: kyseliny, jejíž nálezy mohou být zvýšeny syntetického původu, vápníku, který byl řady ovlivněn čiřením rekonstitucí koncentrátu, zvýšená hodnota glukosy fruktosy potvrzovala exogenní přídavek cukrů, pokles askorbové pod l–1 vypovídal o nešetrném dlouhodobém skladování. Profil flavonoidů charakterizovaný především poměrem eriocitrinu hesperidinu (průměrná 0,7) slouží indikátor přídavku jiného citrusového druhu. Je však třeba brát v potaz, že je poměrně variabilní, což ukázal nález zjištěný pro odrůdu ne zcela specifický, protože obdobný poměr vykazuje i z limet.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Chemicke Listy
سال: 2023
ISSN: ['1803-2389', '1213-7103', '0009-2770']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.54779/chl20230023